Deep water culture: how DWC works
Roots hang in the solution, and an air pump bubbles air into it.
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How it works
In deep water culture, also called DWC, the plants sit in net pots above a reservoir, and their roots hang down into the nutrient solution. An air pump outside the water pushes air through tubing to an air stone in the reservoir, which releases bubbles.
Bucket and linked setups
A bucket system is deep water culture in a single bucket or tote. Makers use the name recirculating deep water culture, or RDWC, for setups that link several containers so the solution moves between them.
The air pump and the water
The air pump sits outside the water, and its tubing runs into the reservoir. Keep plugs, cords, and connections away from water, and follow every maker's instructions. The maker's instructions say where the pump should sit.
GFCIs
CPSC says a GFCI "is designed to protect people from severe or fatal electric shocks," and that ground fault protection is used "especially for circuit outlets in particularly vulnerable areas such as where electrical equipment is near water." Use a qualified electrician for any wiring.
What we do not say
We do not give reservoir sizes, nutrient strengths, or pH numbers. Follow the nutrient label and the maker's instructions. Results vary.
This is general information, not legal, electrical, or safety advice.
Sources: CPSC, GFCI Fact Sheet (Pub. 099).
FAQ
General information only. Water and electricity are a dangerous mix: keep plugs, cords, and connections away from water and follow every maker's instructions. CPSC says a GFCI "is designed to protect people from severe or fatal electric shocks" and to test every GFCI "At least once a month." Use a qualified electrician for any wiring. Keep nutrients and other chemicals away from children and pets. In an emergency, call 911.
Next: pumps and air stones
Two kinds of pump.
